Oriental Family Law: Case Study within a Gendered-Citizenship/Inequality Perspective: From Concept to Analytical Status

This article presents key findings and empirical work of basic research in Bahrain in regards to active citizenship and gender equality where it analyses the claimed liberal citizenship. The article focuses on pre-existing inequality in the family code and also discusses a significant issue where there is a Sunni-Shi’ite division in Bahrain. This is relevant to citizenship and gender equality for how family codes are debated in regards to women’s rights within the legislative authority. Furthermore, this article analyses the parliamentary organizational structure which attributes and influences the legislation process and decision-making particularly on gender-friendly policies, where the legal system can be used to encourage a liberal plan for all people and in particular women to have equal access to opportunities and resources

A Comparative Study in the MENA Region within Gender Equality Perspective

This article presents key findings of basic research in the MENA region via a comparative perspective of active citizenship and gender equality. The article discusses the pre-existing inequality in the family and presents a significant issue in Bahrain, for there is a Sunni-Shi’ite division, which Jordan does not have. This is relevant to citizenship and gender equality for how family codes have an effect on women’s political participation in both countries. The political participation will be analysed via women constitutional rights. Whether this right is really exercised in Jordan and Bahrain remains arguable. Other important issues are the state machinery point of view with regards to gender equality and the state implication of the international agreement, CEDAW, which is concerned with women’s human rights and their legal equality

Inequality Analyses of Gendering Jordanian Citizenship and Legislative Rights

Awareness has been recently increased about gender-based rights and citizenship in Jordan. Many of the issues concerning gender equality arise in the private sphere. Therefore, focusing on the politics of family law is important with regards to women’s rights in particular. Family law is the law related to matters such as polygamy, divorce, inheritance, child custody, guardianship and obedience. The effects are observed especially when Jordanian women try to exercise their granted constitutional political rights. It is the family (personal status) law that runs individual affairs within the private sphere in a patriarchal society where it affects also on exercising others’ rights in the public sphere. It still embodies and reinforces explicit discrimination against women and is enshrined in national legislations. For example, in private sphere family issues, women have to address the religious court, where decisions are based on the judge\u27s perspective. This study is an attempt to analyze the current personal status (family) law. Much of the available local literature in Jordan is purely theoretical, and systematic empirical studies with strong gender analyses are devastatingly absent. Therefore, semi-structured interviews using purposeful sampling that encompassed a range of elite actors involved in these issues–from academics to politicians and civil society activists – were conducted. A reputation-based snowball sampling method, a technique for finding research subjects by referral from one subject to the next, was used. Interviews of elite actors were conducted to collect the qualitative primary data, while the secondary sources represent document analyses, such as national and international documents like the Jordanian Constitution, agreements, laws, regulations, articles and books. This study concluded that Jordan has to establish both a public sphere and private sphere (e.g. the family domain, where women are primarily located) as an ideology in the corresponding laws and Constitution, because the modernization or liberalization of laws is an essential process for empowering individuals, particularly women in Jordan. This means that the laws and basic human rights need to be taken seriously and reconstructed for each development or evolution era for the citizens\u27 benefit rather than just as a display for the international community showing fake modernity

Modified Reconstructability Analysis for Many-Valued Functions and Relations

A novel many-valued decomposition within the framework of lossless Reconstructability Analysis is presented. In previous work, Modified Recontructability Analysis (MRA) was applied to Boolean functions, where it was shown that most Boolean functions not decomposable using conventional Reconstructability Analysis (CRA) are decomposable using MRA. Also, it was previously shown that whenever decomposition exists in both MRA and CRA, MRA yields simpler or equal complexity decompositions. In this paper, MRA is extended to many-valued logic functions, and logic structures that correspond to such decomposition are developed. It is shown that many-valued MRA can decompose many-valued functions when CRA fails to do so. Since real-life data are often manyvalued, this new decomposition can be useful for machine learning and data mining. Many-valued MRA can also be applied for the decomposition of relations

AN EXTENDED GREEN-SASAO HIERARCHY OF CANONICAL TERNARY GALOIS FORMS AND UNIVERSAL LOGIC MODULES

A new extended Green-Sasao hierarchy of families and forms with a new sub-family for many-valued Reed-Muller logic is introduced. Recently, two families of binary canonical Reed-Muller forms, called Inclusive Forms (IFs) and Generalized Inclusive Forms (GIFs) have been proposed, where the second family was the first to include all minimum Exclusive Sum-Of-Products (ESOPs). In this paper, we propose, analogously to the binary case, two general families of canonical ternary Reed-Muller forms, called Ternary Inclusive Forms (TIFs) and their generalization of Ternary Generalized Inclusive Forms (TGIFs), where the second family includes minimum Galois Field Sum-Of-Products (GFSOPs) over ternary Galois field GF(3). One of the basic motivations in this work is the application of these TIFs and TGIFs to find the minimum GFSOP for many-valued input-output functions within logic synthesis, where a GFSOP minimizer based on IF polarity can be used to minimize the many-valued GFSOP expression for any given function. The realization of the presented S/D trees using Universal Logic Modules (ULMs) is also introduced, whereULMs are complete systems that can implement all possible logic functions utilizing the corresponding S/D expansions of many-valuedShannon and Davio spectral transforms.   

Multiple-Valued Quantum Logic Synthesis

This paper asks the question: is logic synthesis for quantum computers a practical research subject? We would like to assume that any two quantum wires can interact, but we are limited by the realization constraints. Structure of atomic bonds in the molecule determines neighborhoods in the circuit. This is similar to restricted routing in FPGA layout - link between logic and layout synthesis known from CMOS design now appears in quantum. Below we are interested only in the so-called “permutation circuits” - their unitary quantum matrices are permutation matrices

Recent Advancements in Fractal Geometric-Based Nonlinear Time Series Solutions to the Micro-Quasistatic Thermoviscoelastic Creep for Rough Surfaces in Contact

To understand the tripological contact phenomena, both mathematical and experimental models are needed. In this work, fractal mathematical models are used to model the experimental results obtained from literature. Fractal geometry, using a deterministic Cantor structure, is used to model the surface topography, where recent advancements in thermoviscoelastic creep contact of rough surfaces are introduced. Various viscoelastic idealizations are used to model the surface materials, for example, Maxwell, Kelvin-Voigt, Standard Linear Solid and Jeffrey media. Such media are modelled as arrangements of elastic springs and viscous dashpots in parallel and/or in series. Asymptotic power laws, through hypergeometric series, were used to express the surface creep as a function of remote forces, body temperatures and time. The introduced models are valid only when the creep approach of the contact surfaces is in the order of the size of the surface roughness. The obtained results using such models, which admit closed-form solutions, are displayed graphically for selected values of the systems' parameters; the fractal surface roughness and various material properties. Results obtained showed good agreement with published experimental results, where the utilized methodology can be further extended to the utilization for the contact of surfaces within micro- and nano-electronic devices, circuits and systems

Vibration Control of Fractionally-Damped Beam Subjected to a Moving Vehicle and Attached to Fractionally-Damped Multiabsorbers

This paper presents the dynamic response of Bernoulli-Euler homogeneous isotropic fractionally-damped simply-supported beam. The beam is attached to multi single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) fractionally-damped systems, and it is subjected to a vehicle moving with a constant velocity. The damping characteristics of the beam and SDOF systems are described in terms of fractional derivatives. Three coupled second-order fractional differential equations are produced and then they are solved by combining the Laplace transform with the decomposition method. The obtained numerical results show that the dynamic response decreases as (a) the number of absorbers attached to the beam increases and (b) the damping-ratios of used absorbers and beam increase. However, there are some critical values of fractional derivatives which are different from unity at which the beam has less dynamic response than that obtained for the full-order derivatives model. Furthermore, the obtained results show very good agreements with special case studies that were published in the literature